---
title: "CVE-2023-27584: Dragonfly2 has hard coded cyptographic key"
url: https://erroneo.us/security/cve/CVE-2023-27584/
description: "CVE-2023-27584 (d7y.io/dragonfly/v2 (Go)): Dragonfly is an open source P2P-based file distribution and image acceleration system. It is hosted by the Cloud…"
type: vulnerability-record
section: "Security Digest"
date_published: 2024-09-19
date_modified: 2025-04-23
publisher: erroneo.us
author: erroneo.us Security Desk
cve: "CVE-2023-27584"
kev: false
cvss: 9.3
epss: 0.33874
license: All rights reserved. Quote with attribution and a link.
---

# CVE-2023-27584: Dragonfly2 has hard coded cyptographic key

**Signal:** High exploit likelihood. EPSS ranks it in the top 5% of all CVEs for likely exploitation in the next 30 days. (Computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS; not an editorial verdict.)

## Should you act?

- Not in CISA KEV , but CISA’s SSVC assessment records a public proof-of-concept, so attack code exists.
- EPSS 33.9% , percentile 98: FIRST’s model estimates a 33.9% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 98% of all scored CVEs (very high). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
- Remotely reachable with no login and no user interaction. If the vulnerable service is exposed to the internet, prioritize it.
- Only applies if your dependency tree includes d7y.io/dragonfly/v2 (Go) >= 2.1.0-alpha.0, < 2.1.0-beta.1, fixed in 2.1.0-beta.1 ; d7y.io/dragonfly/v2 (Go) < 2.0.9-rc.2, fixed in 2.0.9-rc.2 . Check your lockfile, including transitive dependencies.

## What it is

Dragonfly is an open source P2P-based file distribution and image acceleration system. It is hosted by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) as an Incubating Level Project. Dragonfly uses JWT to verify user. However, the secret key for JWT, "Secret Key", is hard coded, which leads to authentication bypass. An attacker can perform any action as a user with admin privileges. This issue has been addressed in release version 2.0.9. All users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

## Affected packages

- Go `d7y.io/dragonfly/v2` >= 2.1.0-alpha.0, < 2.1.0-beta.1 → fixed: 2.1.0-beta.1
- Go `d7y.io/dragonfly/v2` < 2.0.9-rc.2 → fixed: 2.0.9-rc.2

## Affected products (CVE record)

- dragonflyoss Dragonfly2: < 2.0.9

## Severity

- GitHub_M CVSS 3.1: 9.8 `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`
- GitHub CVSS 4.0: 9.3 `CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N`

## Exploitation

- CISA KEV: not listed (no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation known to CISA).
- CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation poc , automatable yes , technical impact total .
- FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 33.87% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 98.

## Sources

- [GitHub Advisory GHSA-hpc8-7wpm-889w](https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-hpc8-7wpm-889w)
- [CVE.org record CVE-2023-27584](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-27584)
- [NVD entry CVE-2023-27584](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27584)
- [github.com](https://github.com/dragonflyoss/Dragonfly2/security/advisories/GHSA-hpc8-7wpm-889w)
- [github.com](https://github.com/dragonflyoss/Dragonfly2/releases/tag/v2.0.9)
- [github.com](https://github.com/dragonflyoss/Dragonfly2/commit/e9da69dc4048bf2a18a671be94616d85e3429433)
- [github.com](https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly/security/advisories/GHSA-hpc8-7wpm-889w)
- [github.com](https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly/commit/684469a31bd27d38c715c507bca9f6d2c21f9007)

---
Source page: https://erroneo.us/security/cve/CVE-2023-27584/ · Security Digest: https://erroneo.us/security/ · More: https://erroneo.us/llms.txt