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Security Digest · Vulnerability record · Known exploited

CVE-2023-39780: ASUS RT-AX55 Routers OS Command Injection Vulnerability

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV). On ASUS RT-AX55 3.0.0.4.386.51598 devices, authenticated attackers can perform OS command injection via the /startapply.htm qosbwrulelist parameter.

CISA KEV · added 2025-06-02 CVSS 8.8 High EPSS 39.5% · p99

Updated By erroneo.us Security Desk12 references Seen in the digest for Jun 2, 2025

Should you act?

Exploited: patch now if you run it

CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild. This signal is computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS data; it is not an editorial verdict.

  • Yes, if you run ASUS RT-AX55 Routers. CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2025-06-02, which means there is reliable evidence of exploitation in the wild. US federal agencies must remediate by 2025-06-23; treat that as the outer limit, not the target.
  • EPSS 39.5%, percentile 99: FIRST’s model estimates a 39.5% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 99% of all scored CVEs (very high). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
  • Needs an account (low (any account)). Exposure depends on who can log in.

What it is

On ASUS RT-AX55 3.0.0.4.386.51598 devices, authenticated attackers can perform OS command injection via the /startapply.htm qosbwrulelist parameter. NOTE: for the similar "token-generated module" issue, see CVE-2023-41345; for the similar "token-refresh module" issue, see CVE-2023-41346; for the similar "check token module" issue, see CVE-2023-41347; and for the similar "code-authentication module" issue, see CVE-2023-41348.

CISA’s summary

ASUS RT-AX55 devices contain an OS command injection vulnerability that could allow a remote, authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands. As represented by CVE-2023-41346.

Weakness type: CWE-78.

Product: ASUS RT-AX55 Routers · Assigned by: mitre · Published: 2023-09-11

Affected and fixed versions

VendorProductAffected versions (per CVE record)
ASUSRT-AX553.0.0.4.386.51598

Severity scores

Scored byCVSSScoreVector
mitre3.18.8 HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
  • Attack vector: network (remotely reachable)
  • Attack complexity: low
  • Privileges required: low (any account)
  • User interaction: none
  • Scope: unchanged

CVSS measures how bad a flaw is if exploited, not how likely exploitation is. Read it next to the exploitation data below.

Exploitation and urgency

  • CISA KEV: added 2025-06-02; federal due date 2025-06-23. Known ransomware use: Unknown.
  • CISA required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
  • CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation active, automatable no, technical impact total.
  • FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 39.51% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 99.

Timeline

  • — CVE record published by mitre
  • — Added to CISA’s Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog
  • — CISA remediation deadline for US federal agencies
  • — CVE record last updated

Sources and references

Original sources first. Version and fix details should always be confirmed against the vendor or project advisory.

Vendor and project advisories, patches

  1. Listed in CISA KEV notes (asus.com) asus.com
  2. Listed in CISA KEV notes (asus.com) asus.com

Vulnerability records

  1. CVE.org record CVE-2023-39780 cve.org
  2. NVD entry CVE-2023-39780 nvd.nist.gov

Government

  1. CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog entry cisa.gov

Other references from the CVE record and advisory

  1. github.com github.com
  2. github.com github.com
  3. github.com github.com
  4. github.com github.com
  5. github.com github.com
  6. github.com github.com
  7. greynoise.io greynoise.io

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