CVE-2023-48022: Ray has arbitrary code execution via jobs submission API

Should you act?

High exploit likelihood

EPSS ranks it in the top 5% of all CVEs for likely exploitation in the next 30 days. This signal is computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS data; it is not an editorial verdict.

• Not in CISA KEV, but CISA’s SSVC assessment records a public proof-of-concept, so attack code exists.
• EPSS 83.9%, percentile 99.7: FIRST’s model estimates a 83.9% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 99.7% of all scored CVEs (very high). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
• Remotely reachable with no login and no user interaction. If the vulnerable service is exposed to the internet, prioritize it.
• Only applies if your dependency tree includes ray (PyPI) <= 2.49.2, no fixed version listed. Check your lockfile, including transitive dependencies.
• Editorial verdict: Check exposure. ShadowRay: Exposed Ray Clusters Hijacked (CVE-2023-48022) — There is no patch to install: if any Ray dashboard, Jobs or Client port is reachable from an untrusted network, anyone who can reach it can run code on your cluster.

What it is

Anyscale Ray 2.6.3 and 2.8.0 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the job submission API. NOTE: the vendor's position is that this report is irrelevant because Ray, as stated in its documentation, is not intended for use outside of a strictly controlled network environment. (Also, within that environment, customers at version 2.52.0 and later can choose to use token authentication.)

From the GitHub advisory

Anyscale Ray allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the job submission API. NOTE: the vendor's position is that this report is irrelevant because Ray, as stated in its documentation, is not intended for use outside of a strictly controlled network environment.

Weakness type: CWE-918, CWE-829.

Product: ray (PyPI) · Assigned by: mitre · Published: 2023-11-28

Affected and fixed versions

Severity scores

• Attack vector: network (remotely reachable)
• Attack complexity: low
• Privileges required: none (no login)
• User interaction: none
• Scope: unchanged

CVSS measures how bad a flaw is if exploited, not how likely exploitation is. Read it next to the exploitation data below.

Exploitation and urgency

• CISA KEV: not listed (no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation known to CISA).
• CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation poc, automatable yes, technical impact total.
• FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 83.94% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 99.7.

Timeline

• 2023-11-28 — CVE record published by mitre
• 2023-11-28 — GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-6wgj-66m2-xxp2 published (critical)
• 2024-03-26 — erroneo.us brief: ShadowRay: Exposed Ray Clusters Hijacked (CVE-2023-48022)
• 2025-12-17 — CVE record last updated

Sources and references

Original sources first. Version and fix details should always be confirmed against the vendor or project advisory.

Vulnerability records

1. GitHub Advisory GHSA-6wgj-66m2-xxp2 github.com
2. CVE.org record CVE-2023-48022 cve.org
3. NVD entry CVE-2023-48022 nvd.nist.gov

Other references from the CVE record and advisory

1. bishopfox.com bishopfox.com
2. docs.ray.io docs.ray.io
3. vicarius.io vicarius.io
4. atlas.mitre.org atlas.mitre.org
5. docs.ray.io docs.ray.io
6. vicarius.io vicarius.io
7. github.com github.com
8. console.vulncheck.com console.vulncheck.com
9. github.com github.com
10. github.com github.com
11. anyscale.com anyscale.com
12. oligo.security oligo.security
13. vulncheck.com vulncheck.com

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