---
title: "CVE-2025-1098: ingress-nginx controller - configuration injection via unsanitized mirror annotations"
url: https://erroneo.us/security/cve/CVE-2025-1098/
description: "CVE-2025-1098 (kubernetes ingress-nginx): A security issue was discovered in ingress-nginx https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx where the…"
type: vulnerability-record
section: "Security Digest"
date_published: 2025-03-24
date_modified: 2026-10-21
publisher: erroneo.us
author: erroneo.us Security Desk
cve: "CVE-2025-1098"
kev: false
cvss: 8.8
epss: 0.82313
license: All rights reserved. Quote with attribution and a link.
---

# CVE-2025-1098: ingress-nginx controller - configuration injection via unsanitized mirror annotations

**Signal:** High exploit likelihood. EPSS ranks it in the top 5% of all CVEs for likely exploitation in the next 30 days. (Computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS; not an editorial verdict.)

## Should you act?

- No confirmed exploitation. It is not in CISA’s KEV catalog and CISA’s SSVC assessment records no known exploitation. That can change quickly after a public write-up; re-check if you are affected.
- EPSS 82.3% , percentile 99.7: FIRST’s model estimates a 82.3% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 99.7% of all scored CVEs (very high). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
- Needs an account (low (any account)). Exposure depends on who can log in.
- Editorial verdict: Check exposure. IngressNightmare: ingress-nginx Cluster Takeover RCE — Patched since March 2025. If any cluster still runs ingress-nginx below 1.11.5 or 1.12.1, that is a cluster-takeover risk, and the controller itself is now retired, so plan the migration while you check.

## What it is

A security issue was discovered in ingress-nginx https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx where the mirror-target and mirror-host Ingress annotations can be used to inject arbitrary configuration into nginx. This can lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the ingress-nginx controller, and disclosure of Secrets accessible to the controller. (Note that in the default installation, the controller can access all Secrets cluster-wide.)

## Affected products (CVE record)

- kubernetes ingress-nginx: <= 1.11.4, 1.12.0

## Severity

- kubernetes CVSS 3.1: 8.8 `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`

## Exploitation

- CISA KEV: not listed (no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation known to CISA).
- CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation none , automatable no , technical impact total .
- FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 82.31% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 99.7.

## Sources

- [CVE.org record CVE-2025-1098](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-1098)
- [NVD entry CVE-2025-1098](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1098)
- [github.com](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/131008)
- [security.netapp.com](https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250328-0008/)
- [exploit-db.com](https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/52475)

---
Source page: https://erroneo.us/security/cve/CVE-2025-1098/ · Security Digest: https://erroneo.us/security/ · More: https://erroneo.us/llms.txt