CVE-2025-25286: Crayfish allows Remote Code Execution via Homarus Authorization header

Should you act?

Critical and remotely reachable

No known exploitation yet, but it is network-reachable without credentials. This signal is computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS data; it is not an editorial verdict.

• No confirmed exploitation. It is not in CISA’s KEV catalog and CISA’s SSVC assessment records no known exploitation. That can change quickly after a public write-up; re-check if you are affected.
• EPSS 1.0%, percentile 63: FIRST’s model estimates a 1.0% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 63% of all scored CVEs (moderate). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
• Remotely reachable with no login and no user interaction. If the vulnerable service is exposed to the internet, prioritize it.
• Only applies if your dependency tree includes islandora/crayfish (Composer (PHP)) < 4.1.0, fixed in 4.1.0. Check your lockfile, including transitive dependencies.

What it is

Crayfish is a collection of Islandora 8 microservices, one of which, Homarus, provides FFmpeg as a microservice. Prior to Crayfish version 4.1.0, remote code execution may be possible in web-accessible installations of Homarus in certain configurations. The issue has been patched in islandora/crayfish:4.1.0. Some workarounds are available. The exploit requires making a request against the Homarus's /convert endpoint; therefore, the ability to exploit is much reduced if the microservice is not directly accessible from the Internet, so: Prevent general access from the Internet from hitting Homarus. Alternatively or additionally, configure auth in Crayfish to be more strongly required, such that requests with Authorization headers that do not validate are rejected before the problematic CLI interpolation occurs.

From the GitHub advisory

Impact

Remote code execution may be possible in web-accessible installations of Homarus in certain configurations.

Patches

The issue has been patched in islandora/crayfish:4.1.0

Workarounds

Weakness type: CWE-150, CWE-157.

Product: islandora/crayfish (Composer (PHP)) · Assigned by: GitHub_M · Published: 2025-02-13

Affected and fixed versions

Severity scores

• Attack vector: network (remotely reachable)
• Attack complexity: low
• Privileges required: none (no login)
• User interaction: none
• Scope: unchanged

CVSS measures how bad a flaw is if exploited, not how likely exploitation is. Read it next to the exploitation data below.

Exploitation and urgency

• CISA KEV: not listed (no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation known to CISA).
• CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation none, automatable yes, technical impact total.
• FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 1.02% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 63.

Timeline

• 2025-01-15 — GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw published (critical)
• 2025-02-13 — CVE record last updated
• 2025-02-13 — CVE record published by GitHub_M

Sources and references

Original sources first. Version and fix details should always be confirmed against the vendor or project advisory.

Vulnerability records

1. GitHub Advisory GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw github.com
2. CVE.org record CVE-2025-25286 cve.org
3. NVD entry CVE-2025-25286 nvd.nist.gov

Other references from the CVE record and advisory

1. github.com github.com
2. github.com github.com

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