---
title: "CVE-2025-25286: Crayfish allows Remote Code Execution via Homarus Authorization header"
url: https://erroneo.us/security/cve/CVE-2025-25286/
description: "CVE-2025-25286 (islandora/crayfish (Composer (PHP))): Crayfish is a collection of Islandora 8 microservices, one of which, Homarus, provides FFmpeg as a…"
type: vulnerability-record
section: "Security Digest"
date_published: 2025-02-13
date_modified: 2025-02-13
publisher: erroneo.us
author: erroneo.us Security Desk
cve: "CVE-2025-25286"
kev: false
cvss: 9.8
epss: 0.01024
license: All rights reserved. Quote with attribution and a link.
---

# CVE-2025-25286: Crayfish allows Remote Code Execution via Homarus Authorization header

**Signal:** Critical and remotely reachable. No known exploitation yet, but it is network-reachable without credentials. (Computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS; not an editorial verdict.)

## Should you act?

- No confirmed exploitation. It is not in CISA’s KEV catalog and CISA’s SSVC assessment records no known exploitation. That can change quickly after a public write-up; re-check if you are affected.
- EPSS 1.0% , percentile 63: FIRST’s model estimates a 1.0% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 63% of all scored CVEs (moderate). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
- Remotely reachable with no login and no user interaction. If the vulnerable service is exposed to the internet, prioritize it.
- Only applies if your dependency tree includes islandora/crayfish (Composer (PHP)) < 4.1.0, fixed in 4.1.0 . Check your lockfile, including transitive dependencies.

## What it is

Crayfish is a collection of Islandora 8 microservices, one of which, Homarus, provides FFmpeg as a microservice. Prior to Crayfish version 4.1.0, remote code execution may be possible in web-accessible installations of Homarus in certain configurations. The issue has been patched in islandora/crayfish:4.1.0. Some workarounds are available. The exploit requires making a request against the Homarus's /convert endpoint; therefore, the ability to exploit is much reduced if the microservice is not directly accessible from the Internet, so: Prevent general access from the Internet from hitting Homarus. Alternatively or additionally, configure auth in Crayfish to be more strongly required, such that requests with Authorization headers that do not validate are rejected before the problematic CLI interpolation occurs.

## Affected packages

- Composer (PHP) `islandora/crayfish` < 4.1.0 → fixed: 4.1.0

## Affected products (CVE record)

- Islandora Crayfish: < 4.1.0

## Severity

- GitHub_M CVSS 3.1: 9.8 `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`
- GitHub CVSS 3.1: 9.8 `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`

## Exploitation

- CISA KEV: not listed (no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation known to CISA).
- CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation none , automatable yes , technical impact total .
- FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 1.02% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 63.

## Sources

- [GitHub Advisory GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw](https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw)
- [CVE.org record CVE-2025-25286](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-25286)
- [NVD entry CVE-2025-25286](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25286)
- [github.com](https://github.com/Islandora/Crayfish/security/advisories/GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw)
- [github.com](https://github.com/Islandora/Crayfish/commit/64cb4cec688928798cc40e6f0a0e863d7f69fd89)

---
Source page: https://erroneo.us/security/cve/CVE-2025-25286/ · Security Digest: https://erroneo.us/security/ · More: https://erroneo.us/llms.txt