---
title: "CVE-2025-32433: Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability"
url: https://erroneo.us/security/cve/CVE-2025-32433/
description: "CVE-2025-32433 (Erlang Erlang/OTP): Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV). Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to…"
type: vulnerability-record
section: "Security Digest"
date_published: 2025-04-16
date_modified: 2026-10-21
publisher: erroneo.us
author: erroneo.us Security Desk
cve: "CVE-2025-32433"
kev: true
cvss: 10
epss: 0.98786
license: All rights reserved. Quote with attribution and a link.
---

# CVE-2025-32433: Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability

**Signal:** Exploited: patch now if you run it. CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild. (Computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS; not an editorial verdict.)

## Should you act?

- Yes, if you run Erlang Erlang/OTP. CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2025-06-09, which means there is reliable evidence of exploitation in the wild. US federal agencies must remediate by 2025-06-30 ; treat that as the outer limit, not the target.
- EPSS 98.8% , percentile 99.9: FIRST’s model estimates a 98.8% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 99.9% of all scored CVEs (very high). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
- Remotely reachable with no login and no user interaction. If the vulnerable service is exposed to the internet, prioritize it.
- Editorial verdict: Check exposure. Erlang/OTP SSH: Unauthenticated RCE (CVE-2025-32433) — The OTP fix is 18 months old, but the bug hides inside appliances and OT gear that patch slowly; inventory anything exposing an Erlang SSH daemon rather than assuming your servers' OpenSSH covers you.

## What it is

Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.

## Affected products (CVE record)

- erlang otp: >= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3, >= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11, < OTP-25.3.2.20

## Severity

- GitHub_M CVSS 3.1: 10 `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H`

## Exploitation

- CISA KEV: added 2025-06-09; federal due date 2025-06-30. Known ransomware use: Unknown.
- CISA required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
- CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation active , automatable yes , technical impact total .
- FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 98.79% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 99.9.

## Sources

- [sec.cloudapps.cisco.com](https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy)
- [Listed in CISA KEV notes (github.com)](https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2)
- [CVE.org record CVE-2025-32433](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32433)
- [NVD entry CVE-2025-32433](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32433)
- [CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog entry](https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433)
- [github.com](https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12)
- [github.com](https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f)
- [github.com](https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891)
- [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/16/2)
- [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/1)
- [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/2)
- [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/6)
- [openwall.com](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/19/1)
- [security.netapp.com](https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250425-0001/)
- [lists.debian.org](https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00028.html)
- [github.com](https://github.com/ProDefense/CVE-2025-32433/blob/main/CVE-2025-32433.py)

---
Source page: https://erroneo.us/security/cve/CVE-2025-32433/ · Security Digest: https://erroneo.us/security/ · More: https://erroneo.us/llms.txt