Security Digest · Vulnerability record
CVE-2025-36852: @nx/azure-cache Vulnerable to Build Cache Poisoning via Untrusted Pull Requests
A critical security vulnerability exists in remote cache extensions for common build systems utilizing bucket-based remote cache (such as those using Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, or similar object storage) that allows any contributor with pull request privileges to inject compromised artifacts from an untrusted…
CVSS 9.4 Critical EPSS 0.2% · p15
Should you act?
Critical, preconditions apply
Severe if exploited, but exploitation needs conditions that may not apply to you. This signal is computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS data; it is not an editorial verdict.
- No confirmed exploitation. It is not in CISA’s KEV catalog and CISA’s SSVC assessment records no known exploitation. That can change quickly after a public write-up; re-check if you are affected.
- EPSS 0.2%, percentile 15: FIRST’s model estimates a 0.2% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 15% of all scored CVEs (low). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
- Needs an account (low (any account)). Exposure depends on who can log in.
- Only applies if your dependency tree includes
@nx/azure-cache(npm) <= 4.0.0, no fixed version listed. Check your lockfile, including transitive dependencies.
What it is
A critical security vulnerability exists in remote cache extensions for common build systems utilizing bucket-based remote cache (such as those using Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, or similar object storage) that allows any contributor with pull request privileges to inject compromised artifacts from an untrusted environment into trusted production environments without detection. The vulnerability exploits a fundamental design flaw in the "first-to-cache wins" principle, where artifacts built in untrusted environments (feature branches, pull requests) can poison the cache used by trusted environments (protected branches, production deployments). This attack bypasses all traditional security measures including encryption, access controls, and checksum validation because the poisoning occurs during the artifact construction phase, before any security measures are applied.
From the GitHub advisory
A critical security vulnerability exists in remote cache extensions for common build systems utilizing bucket-based remote cache (such as those using Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, or similar object storage) that allows any contributor with pull request privileges to inject compromised artifacts from an untrusted environment into trusted production environments without detection.
The vulnerability exploits a fundamental design flaw in the "first-to-cache wins" principle, where artifacts built in untrusted environments (feature branches, pull requests) can poison the cache used by trusted environments (protected branches, production deployments).
This attack bypasses all traditional security measures including encryption, access controls, and checksum validation because the poisoning occurs during the artifact construction phase, before any security measures are applied.
Weakness type: CWE-829.
Product: @nx/azure-cache (npm) · Assigned by: HeroDevs · Published: 2025-06-10
Affected and fixed versions
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable | First fixed |
|---|---|---|---|
| npm | @nx/azure-cache | <= 4.0.0 | none listed |
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions (per CVE record) |
|---|---|---|
| Niklas Portmann | Azure Based Remote Cache Plugin for Nx | 0 |
| Niklas Portmann | Minio Based Remote Cache Plugin for Nx | 0 |
| Niklas Portmann | Nx Remote Cache Utilities | 0 |
| Nx | AWS S3 Remote Cache Plugin for Nx | 0 |
| Nx | GCS Remote Cache Plugin for Nx | 0 |
| Nx | Azure Blob Remote Cache Plugin for Nx | 0 |
| Nx | Shared File System Cache Plugin for Nx | 0 |
Severity scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| HeroDevs | 4.0 | 9.4 Critical | CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/S:P/AU:Y/R:U/V:C/RE:M/U:Red |
| GitHub | 4.0 | 9.4 | CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/S:P/AU:Y/R:U/V:C/RE:M/U:Red |
- Attack vector: network (remotely reachable)
- Attack complexity: low
- Attack requirements: none
- Privileges required: low (any account)
- User interaction: none
CVSS measures how bad a flaw is if exploited, not how likely exploitation is. Read it next to the exploitation data below.
Exploitation and urgency
- CISA KEV: not listed (no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation known to CISA).
- CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation none, automatable no, technical impact total.
- FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 0.25% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 15.
Timeline
- — CVE record last updated
- — CVE record published by HeroDevs
- — GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x published (critical)
Sources and references
Original sources first. Version and fix details should always be confirmed against the vendor or project advisory.
Vulnerability records
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x github.com
- CVE.org record CVE-2025-36852 cve.org
- NVD entry CVE-2025-36852 nvd.nist.gov