CVE-2025-49132: Pterodactyl Panel Allows Unauthenticated Arbitrary Remote Code Execution

Should you act?

High exploit likelihood

EPSS ranks it in the top 5% of all CVEs for likely exploitation in the next 30 days. This signal is computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS data; it is not an editorial verdict.

• No confirmed exploitation. It is not in CISA’s KEV catalog and CISA’s SSVC assessment records no known exploitation. That can change quickly after a public write-up; re-check if you are affected.
• EPSS 54.5%, percentile 99: FIRST’s model estimates a 54.5% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 99% of all scored CVEs (very high). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
• Remotely reachable with no login and no user interaction. If the vulnerable service is exposed to the internet, prioritize it.
• Only applies if your dependency tree includes pterodactyl/panel (Composer (PHP)) <= 1.11.10, fixed in 1.11.11. Check your lockfile, including transitive dependencies.

What it is

Pterodactyl is a free, open-source game server management panel. Prior to version 1.11.11, using the /locales/locale.json with the locale and namespace query parameters, a malicious actor is able to execute arbitrary code without being authenticated. With the ability to execute arbitrary code it could be used to gain access to the Panel's server, read credentials from the Panel's config, extract sensitive information from the database, access files of servers managed by the panel, etc. This issue has been patched in version 1.11.11. There are no software workarounds for this vulnerability, but use of an external Web Application Firewall (WAF) could help mitigate this attack.

From the GitHub advisory

Impact

Using the /locales/locale.json with the locale and namespace query parameters, a malicious actor is able to execute arbitrary code, without being authenticated.

With the ability to execute arbitrary code, this vulnerability can be exploited in an infinite number of ways. It could be used to gain access to the Panel's server, read credentials from the Panel's config (.env or otherwise), extract sensitive information from the database (such as user details [username, email, first and last name, hashed password, ip addresses, etc]), access files of servers managed by the panel, etc.

Patches

This vulnerability was patched by https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/24c82b0e335fb5d7a844226b08abf9f176e592f0 and was released under the v1.11.11 tag without any other code modifications compared to v1.11.10.

Weakness type: CWE-94.

Product: pterodactyl/panel (Composer (PHP)) · Assigned by: GitHub_M · Published: 2025-06-20

Affected and fixed versions

Severity scores

• Attack vector: network (remotely reachable)
• Attack complexity: low
• Privileges required: none (no login)
• User interaction: none
• Scope: changed (can affect other components)

CVSS measures how bad a flaw is if exploited, not how likely exploitation is. Read it next to the exploitation data below.

Exploitation and urgency

• CISA KEV: not listed (no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation known to CISA).
• CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation none, automatable yes, technical impact total.
• FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 54.46% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 99.

Timeline

• 2025-06-19 — GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-24wv-6c99-f843 published (critical)
• 2025-06-20 — CVE record last updated
• 2025-06-20 — CVE record published by GitHub_M

Sources and references

Original sources first. Version and fix details should always be confirmed against the vendor or project advisory.

Vulnerability records

1. GitHub Advisory GHSA-24wv-6c99-f843 github.com
2. CVE.org record CVE-2025-49132 cve.org
3. NVD entry CVE-2025-49132 nvd.nist.gov

Other references from the CVE record and advisory

1. github.com github.com
2. github.com github.com
3. github.com github.com

Critical Composer (PHP) advisories · Today’s Security Digest