Security Digest · Vulnerability record
CVE-2025-55449: AstrBot is vulnerable to RCE with hard-coded JWT signing keys
AstrBotDevs AstrBot 3.5.15 has AdvancedSystemforTextResponseandBotOperationsTool as the hardcoded private key used to sign a JWT.
CVSS 7.3 High EPSS 0.3% · p19
Should you act?
Normal patch cycle
No exploitation signal; fix it in your next routine update if you are affected. This signal is computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS data; it is not an editorial verdict.
- No confirmed exploitation. It is not in CISA’s KEV catalog and CISA’s SSVC assessment records no known exploitation. That can change quickly after a public write-up; re-check if you are affected.
- EPSS 0.3%, percentile 19: FIRST’s model estimates a 0.3% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 19% of all scored CVEs (low). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
- Remotely reachable with no login and no user interaction. If the vulnerable service is exposed to the internet, prioritize it.
- Only applies if your dependency tree includes
astrbot(PyPI) < 3.5.18, fixed in 3.5.18. Check your lockfile, including transitive dependencies.
What it is
AstrBotDevs AstrBot 3.5.15 has AdvancedSystemforTextResponseandBotOperationsTool as the hardcoded private key used to sign a JWT.
From the GitHub advisory
Summary AstrBot uses a hard-coded JWT signing key, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands by installing a malicious plugin.
Details
AstrBot uses a hard-coded JWT signing key, which allows attackers to bypass the authentication mechanism. Once bypassed, the attacker can install a Python plugin that will be imported here, enabling arbitrary command execution on the target host.
Impact
All publicly accessible AstrBot instances are vulnerable.
Weakness type: CWE-321, CWE-345, CWE-798.
Product: astrbot (PyPI) · Assigned by: mitre · Published: 2026-05-08
Affected and fixed versions
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable | First fixed |
|---|---|---|---|
| PyPI | astrbot | < 3.5.18 | 3.5.18 |
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions (per CVE record) |
|---|---|---|
| n/a | n/a | see vendor advisory |
Severity scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| CISA-ADP | 3.1 | 7.3 High | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L |
| GitHub | 3.1 | 9.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
- Attack vector: network (remotely reachable)
- Attack complexity: low
- Privileges required: none (no login)
- User interaction: none
- Scope: unchanged
CVSS measures how bad a flaw is if exploited, not how likely exploitation is. Read it next to the exploitation data below.
Exploitation and urgency
- CISA KEV: not listed (no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation known to CISA).
- CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation none, automatable yes, technical impact partial.
- FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 0.28% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 19.
Timeline
- — GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-4m32-cjv7-f425 published (critical)
- — CVE record last updated
- — CVE record published by mitre
Sources and references
Original sources first. Version and fix details should always be confirmed against the vendor or project advisory.
Vulnerability records
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-4m32-cjv7-f425 github.com
- CVE.org record CVE-2025-55449 cve.org
- NVD entry CVE-2025-55449 nvd.nist.gov
Other references from the CVE record and advisory
- github.com github.com
- github.com github.com
- github.com github.com
- github.com github.com
- github.com github.com