CVE-2025-58048: Paymenter vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via public file uploads

Should you act?

Critical, preconditions apply

Severe if exploited, but exploitation needs conditions that may not apply to you. This signal is computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS data; it is not an editorial verdict.

• No confirmed exploitation. It is not in CISA’s KEV catalog and CISA’s SSVC assessment records no known exploitation. That can change quickly after a public write-up; re-check if you are affected.
• EPSS 0.4%, percentile 35: FIRST’s model estimates a 0.4% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 35% of all scored CVEs (low). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
• Needs an account (low (any account)). Exposure depends on who can log in.
• Only applies if your dependency tree includes paymenter/paymenter (Composer (PHP)) < 1.2.11, fixed in 1.2.11. Check your lockfile, including transitive dependencies.

What it is

Paymenter is a free and open-source webshop solution for hostings. Prior to version 1.2.11, the ticket attachments functionality in Paymenter allows a malicious authenticated user to upload arbitrary files. This could result in sensitive data extraction from the database, credentials being read from configuration files, and arbitrary system commands being run under the web server user context. This vulnerability was patched by commit 87c3db4 and was released under the version 1.2.11 tag without any other code modifications compared to version 1.2.10. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators can mitigate this vulnerability with one or more of the following measures: updating nginx config to download attachments instead of executing them or disallowing access to /storage/ fully using a WAF such as Cloudflare.

From the GitHub advisory

Impact

The ticket attachments functionality in Paymenter allows a malicious authenticated user to upload arbitrary files.

With the ability to execute arbitrary code, this vulnerability can be exploited in numerous ways, including but not limited to: - Extracting sensitive data from the database (e.g. customer information). - Reading credentials from .env or other configuration files. - Running arbitrary system commands under the web server user context.

This issue is Critical as it allows a low-privilege authenticated user to fully compromise the application and underlying server.

Patches This vulnerability was patched by https://github.com/Paymenter/Paymenter/commit/87c3db42282ada1e3cda54b9a01f846926c0669b and was released under the v1.2.11 tag without any other code modifications compared to v1.2.10.

Weakness type: CWE-434.

Product: paymenter/paymenter (Composer (PHP)) · Assigned by: GitHub_M · Published: 2025-08-28

Affected and fixed versions

Severity scores

• Attack vector: network (remotely reachable)
• Attack complexity: low
• Privileges required: low (any account)
• User interaction: none
• Scope: changed (can affect other components)

CVSS measures how bad a flaw is if exploited, not how likely exploitation is. Read it next to the exploitation data below.

Exploitation and urgency

• CISA KEV: not listed (no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation known to CISA).
• CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation none, automatable no, technical impact total.
• FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 0.41% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 35.

Timeline

• 2025-08-28 — CVE record last updated
• 2025-08-28 — CVE record published by GitHub_M
• 2026-06-22 — GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-5pm9-r2m8-rcmj published (critical)

Sources and references

Original sources first. Version and fix details should always be confirmed against the vendor or project advisory.

Vulnerability records

1. GitHub Advisory GHSA-5pm9-r2m8-rcmj github.com
2. CVE.org record CVE-2025-58048 cve.org
3. NVD entry CVE-2025-58048 nvd.nist.gov

Other references from the CVE record and advisory

1. github.com github.com
2. github.com github.com
3. github.com github.com

Critical Composer (PHP) advisories · Today’s Security Digest