CVE-2025-62373: Pipecat: Remote Code Execution by Pickle Deserialization Through LivekitFrameSerializer

Should you act?

Critical and remotely reachable

No known exploitation yet, but it is network-reachable without credentials. This signal is computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS data; it is not an editorial verdict.

• Not in CISA KEV, but CISA’s SSVC assessment records a public proof-of-concept, so attack code exists.
• EPSS 0.7%, percentile 53: FIRST’s model estimates a 0.7% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 53% of all scored CVEs (moderate). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
• Remotely reachable with no login and no user interaction. If the vulnerable service is exposed to the internet, prioritize it.
• Only applies if your dependency tree includes pipecat-ai (PyPI) >= 0.0.41, < 0.0.94, fixed in 0.0.94. Check your lockfile, including transitive dependencies.

What it is

Pipecat is an open-source Python framework for building real-time voice and multimodal conversational agents. Versions 0.0.41 through 0.0.93 have a vulnerability in LivekitFrameSerializer – an optional, non-default, undocumented frame serializer class (now deprecated) intended for LiveKit integration. The class's deserialize() method uses Python's pickle.loads() on data received from WebSocket clients without any validation or sanitization. This means that a malicious WebSocket client can send a crafted pickle payload to execute arbitrary code on the Pipecat server. The vulnerable code resides in src/pipecat/serializers/livekit.py (around line 73), where untrusted WebSocket message data is passed directly into pickle.loads() for deserialization. If a Pipecat server is configured to use LivekitFrameSerializer and is listening on an external interface (e.g. 0.0.0.0), an attacker on the network (or the internet, if the service is exposed) could achieve remote code execution (RCE) on the server by sending a malicious pickle payload. Version 0.0.94 contains a fix. Users of Pipecat should avoid or replace unsafe deserialization and improve network security configuration. The best mitigation is to stop using the vulnerable LivekitFrameSerializer altogether. Those who require LiveKit functionality should upgrade to the latest Pipecat version and switch to the recommended LiveKitTransport or another secure method provided by the framework. Additionally, always follow secure coding practices: never trust client-supplied data, and avoid Python pickle (or similar unsafe deserialization) in network-facing components.

From the GitHub advisory

Remote Code Execution via Unsafe Deserialization in Pipecat's LivekitFrameSerializer

Summary

A critical vulnerability exists in Pipecat's LivekitFrameSerializer – an optional, non-default, undocumented frame serializer class (now deprecated) intended for LiveKit integration. The class's deserialize() method uses Python's pickle.loads() on data received from WebSocket clients without any validation or sanitization. This means that a malicious WebSocket client can send a crafted pickle payload to execute arbitrary code on the Pipecat server. The vulnerable code resides in src/pipecat/serializers/livekit.py (around line 73), where untrusted WebSocket message data is passed directly into pickle.loads() for deserialization. If a Pipecat server is configured to use LivekitFrameSerializer and is listening on an external interface (e.g. 0.0.0.0), an attacker on the network (or the internet, if the service is exposed) could achieve remote code execution (RCE) on the server by sending a malicious pickle payload.

Details

The LivekitFrameSerializer is a serializer meant to convert between Pipecat audio frames and LiveKit's audio frame format. It is not enabled by default – developers would have to explicitly use this serializer. In Pipecat version 0.0.90, this class was officially deprecated in favor of a safer LiveKitTransport method, but it remains in the code for backward compatibility. The vulnerability arises in how it handles incoming data: the deserialize() method blindly unpickles whatever byte stream it receives over the WebSocket. Below is a snippet illustrating the core issue in the LivekitFrameSerializer.deserialize implementation:

Weakness type: CWE-502.

Product: pipecat-ai (PyPI) · Assigned by: GitHub_M · Published: 2026-04-23

Affected and fixed versions

Severity scores

• Attack vector: network (remotely reachable)
• Attack complexity: low
• Privileges required: none (no login)
• User interaction: none
• Scope: unchanged

CVSS measures how bad a flaw is if exploited, not how likely exploitation is. Read it next to the exploitation data below.

Exploitation and urgency

• CISA KEV: not listed (no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation known to CISA).
• CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation poc, automatable yes, technical impact total.
• FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 0.70% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 53.

Timeline

• 2026-04-23 — CVE record last updated
• 2026-04-23 — CVE record published by GitHub_M
• 2026-04-23 — GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-c2jg-5cp7-6wc7 published (critical)

Sources and references

Original sources first. Version and fix details should always be confirmed against the vendor or project advisory.

Vulnerability records

1. GitHub Advisory GHSA-c2jg-5cp7-6wc7 github.com
2. CVE.org record CVE-2025-62373 cve.org
3. NVD entry CVE-2025-62373 nvd.nist.gov

Other references from the CVE record and advisory

1. github.com github.com
2. github.com github.com

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