Security Digest · Vulnerability record
CVE-2026-25056: n8n Merge Node has Arbitrary File Write leading to RCE
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform.
CVSS 9.4 Critical EPSS 0.7% · p54
Should you act?
Critical, preconditions apply
Severe if exploited, but exploitation needs conditions that may not apply to you. This signal is computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS data; it is not an editorial verdict.
- No confirmed exploitation. It is not in CISA’s KEV catalog and CISA’s SSVC assessment records no known exploitation. That can change quickly after a public write-up; re-check if you are affected.
- EPSS 0.7%, percentile 54: FIRST’s model estimates a 0.7% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 54% of all scored CVEs (moderate). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
- Needs an account (low (any account)). Exposure depends on who can log in.
- Only applies if your dependency tree includes
n8n(npm) < 1.118.0, fixed in 1.118.0;n8n(npm) >= 2.0.0, < 2.4.0, fixed in 2.4.0. Check your lockfile, including transitive dependencies.
What it is
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 1.118.0 and 2.4.0, a vulnerability in the Merge node's SQL Query mode allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to write arbitrary files to the n8n server's filesystem potentially leading to remote code execution. This issue has been patched in versions 1.118.0 and 2.4.0.
From the GitHub advisory
Impact
A vulnerability in the Merge node's SQL Query mode allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to write arbitrary files to the n8n server's filesystem potentially leading to remote code execution.
Patches
The issue has been fixed in n8n version 2.4.0, 1.118.0. Users should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability.
Workarounds
Weakness type: CWE-434, CWE-693.
Product: n8n (npm) · Assigned by: GitHub_M · Published: 2026-02-04
Affected and fixed versions
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable | First fixed |
|---|---|---|---|
| npm | n8n | < 1.118.0 | 1.118.0 |
| npm | n8n | >= 2.0.0, < 2.4.0 | 2.4.0 |
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions (per CVE record) |
|---|---|---|
| n8n-io | n8n | < 1.118.0, < 2.4.0 |
Severity scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitHub_M | 4.0 | 9.4 Critical | CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H |
| GitHub | 4.0 | 9.4 | CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H |
- Attack vector: network (remotely reachable)
- Attack complexity: low
- Attack requirements: none
- Privileges required: low (any account)
- User interaction: none
CVSS measures how bad a flaw is if exploited, not how likely exploitation is. Read it next to the exploitation data below.
Exploitation and urgency
- CISA KEV: not listed (no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation known to CISA).
- CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation none, automatable no, technical impact total.
- FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 0.74% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 54.
Timeline
- — CVE record published by GitHub_M
- — GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-hv53-3329-vmrm published (critical)
- — CVE record last updated
Sources and references
Original sources first. Version and fix details should always be confirmed against the vendor or project advisory.
Vulnerability records
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-hv53-3329-vmrm github.com
- CVE.org record CVE-2026-25056 cve.org
- NVD entry CVE-2026-25056 nvd.nist.gov
Other references from the CVE record and advisory
- github.com github.com