Security Digest · Vulnerability record
CVE-2026-42087: OpenC3 COSMOS has SQL Injection in QuestDB Time-Series Database
OpenC3 COSMOS provides the functionality needed to send commands to and receive data from one or more embedded systems.
CVSS 9.6 Critical EPSS 0.4% · p38
Should you act?
Critical, preconditions apply
Severe if exploited, but exploitation needs conditions that may not apply to you. This signal is computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS data; it is not an editorial verdict.
- Not in CISA KEV, but CISA’s SSVC assessment records a public proof-of-concept, so attack code exists.
- EPSS 0.4%, percentile 38: FIRST’s model estimates a 0.4% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 38% of all scored CVEs (low). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
- Needs an account (low (any account)). Exposure depends on who can log in.
- Only applies if your dependency tree includes
openc3(RubyGems) >= 6.7.0, < 7.0.0-rc3, fixed in 7.0.0-rc3. Check your lockfile, including transitive dependencies.
What it is
OpenC3 COSMOS provides the functionality needed to send commands to and receive data from one or more embedded systems. From version 6.7.0 to before version 7.0.0-rc3, a SQL injection vulnerability exists in the Time-Series Database (TSDB) component of COSMOS. The tsdblookup function in the cvtmodel.rb file directly places user-supplied input into a SQL query without sanitizing the input. As a result, a user can break out of the initial SQL statement and execute arbitrary SQL commands, including deleting data. This issue has been patched in version 7.0.0-rc3.
From the GitHub advisory
Vulnerability Type: CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') Attack type: Authenticated remote Impact: Telemetry data disclosure and deletion Affected components: openc3-tsdb (QuestDB)
A SQL injection vulnerability exists in the Time-Series Database (TSDB) component of COSMOS. The tsdblookup function in the cvtmodel.rb file directly places user-supplied input into a SQL query without sanitizing the input. As a result, a user can break out of the initial SQL statement and execute arbitrary SQL commands, including deleting data.
Figure 1: Source code vulnerable to SQL injection Additionally, the gettlmvalues RPC endpoint only requires “tlm” permissions, allowing any user with the Admin, Operator, Viewer, or Runner roles to send a request to the TSDB. This permission is defined in roles-permissions.md to allow for the user to view telemetry data, but this vulnerability also allows them to delete data and tables.
Figure 2: Source code showing the required permissions for the gettlmvalues endpoint Sending a normal request to the endpoint brings back a single array of values for the parameter:
Figure 3: A normal request to the gettlmvalues endpoint However, sending a specially crafted request within the starttime variable brings back all the data in the database:
Weakness type: CWE-89.
Product: openc3 (RubyGems) · Assigned by: GitHub_M · Published: 2026-05-04
Affected and fixed versions
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable | First fixed |
|---|---|---|---|
| RubyGems | openc3 | >= 6.7.0, < 7.0.0-rc3 | 7.0.0-rc3 |
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions (per CVE record) |
|---|---|---|
| OpenC3 | cosmos | >= 6.7.0, < 7.0.0-rc3 |
Severity scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitHub_M | 3.1 | 9.6 Critical | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N |
| GitHub | 3.1 | 9.6 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N |
- Attack vector: network (remotely reachable)
- Attack complexity: low
- Privileges required: low (any account)
- User interaction: none
- Scope: changed (can affect other components)
CVSS measures how bad a flaw is if exploited, not how likely exploitation is. Read it next to the exploitation data below.
Exploitation and urgency
- CISA KEV: not listed (no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation known to CISA).
- CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation poc, automatable no, technical impact total.
- FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 0.45% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 38.
Timeline
- — GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-v529-vhwc-wfc5 published (critical)
- — CVE record published by GitHub_M
- — CVE record last updated
Sources and references
Original sources first. Version and fix details should always be confirmed against the vendor or project advisory.
Vulnerability records
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-v529-vhwc-wfc5 github.com
- CVE.org record CVE-2026-42087 cve.org
- NVD entry CVE-2026-42087 nvd.nist.gov
Other references from the CVE record and advisory
- github.com github.com
- github.com github.com
- github.com github.com
- github.com github.com