Security Digest · Vulnerability record
CVE-2026-22778: vLLM has RCE In Video Processing
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs).
CVSS 9.8 Critical EPSS 16.7% · p97
Should you act?
High exploit likelihood
EPSS ranks it in the top 5% of all CVEs for likely exploitation in the next 30 days. This signal is computed from CISA KEV, EPSS and CVSS data; it is not an editorial verdict.
- No confirmed exploitation. It is not in CISA’s KEV catalog and CISA’s SSVC assessment records no known exploitation. That can change quickly after a public write-up; re-check if you are affected.
- EPSS 16.7%, percentile 97: FIRST’s model estimates a 16.7% chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 97% of all scored CVEs (very high). EPSS is a probability, not a verdict.
- Remotely reachable with no login and no user interaction. If the vulnerable service is exposed to the internet, prioritize it.
- Only applies if your dependency tree includes
vllm(PyPI) >= 0.8.3, < 0.14.1, fixed in 0.14.1. Check your lockfile, including transitive dependencies.
What it is
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). From 0.8.3 to before 0.14.1, when an invalid image is sent to vLLM's multimodal endpoint, PIL throws an error. vLLM returns this error to the client, leaking a heap address. With this leak, we reduce ASLR from 4 billion guesses to ~8 guesses. This vulnerability can be chained a heap overflow with JPEG2000 decoder in OpenCV/FFmpeg to achieve remote code execution. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.14.1.
From the GitHub advisory
Summary
A chain of vulnerabilities in vLLM allow Remote Code Execution (RCE):
1. Info Leak - PIL error messages expose memory addresses, bypassing ASLR 2. Heap Overflow - JPEG2000 decoder in OpenCV/FFmpeg has a heap overflow that lets us hijack code execution
Result: Send a malicious video URL to vLLM Completions or Invocations for a video model -> Execute arbitrary commands on the server
Completely default vLLM instance directly from pip, or docker, does not have authentication so "None" privileges are required, but even with non-default api-key enabled configuration this exploit is feasible through invocations route that allows payload to execute pre-auth.
Weakness type: CWE-532, CWE-209, CWE-122.
Product: vllm (PyPI) · Assigned by: GitHub_M · Published: 2026-02-02
Affected and fixed versions
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable | First fixed |
|---|---|---|---|
| PyPI | vllm | >= 0.8.3, < 0.14.1 | 0.14.1 |
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions (per CVE record) |
|---|---|---|
| vllm-project | vllm | >= 0.8.3, < 0.14.1 |
Severity scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitHub_M | 3.1 | 9.8 Critical | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| redhat-SADP | 3.1 | 9.8 Critical | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| GitHub | 3.1 | 9.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
- Attack vector: network (remotely reachable)
- Attack complexity: low
- Privileges required: none (no login)
- User interaction: none
- Scope: unchanged
CVSS measures how bad a flaw is if exploited, not how likely exploitation is. Read it next to the exploitation data below.
Exploitation and urgency
- CISA KEV: not listed (no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation known to CISA).
- CISA SSVC assessment: exploitation none, automatable yes, technical impact total.
- FIRST EPSS (model of 2026-10-21): 16.70% probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 97.
Timeline
- — CVE record published by GitHub_M
- — GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-4r2x-xpjr-7cvv published (critical)
- — CVE record last updated
Sources and references
Original sources first. Version and fix details should always be confirmed against the vendor or project advisory.
Vendor and project advisories, patches
- access.redhat.com access.redhat.com
- access.redhat.com access.redhat.com
- access.redhat.com access.redhat.com
- access.redhat.com access.redhat.com
- access.redhat.com access.redhat.com
- access.redhat.com access.redhat.com
- access.redhat.com access.redhat.com
- access.redhat.com access.redhat.com
Vulnerability records
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-4r2x-xpjr-7cvv github.com
- CVE.org record CVE-2026-22778 cve.org
- NVD entry CVE-2026-22778 nvd.nist.gov
Other references from the CVE record and advisory
- github.com github.com
- github.com github.com
- github.com github.com
- github.com github.com
- access.redhat.com access.redhat.com
- RHBZ#2436113 bugzilla.redhat.com
- security.access.redhat.com security.access.redhat.com
- pypi.org pypi.org
- github.com github.com
- github.com github.com